Novel computational methods based on Bernoulli operational matrix for time-space fractional advection-dispersion equation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 34148-96818, Iran

2 Department of mathematics, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IRAN

3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA

Abstract
This article investigates the time-space fractional advection-dispersion equation $(TSFADE)$. In this work, an efficient and precise numerical method (Novel Bernoulli Operational Matrix technique) is applied for solving a category of these equations, converting the original problem into a set of algebraic equations that can be solved using numerical methods. The key benefit of this scheme is its ability to transform linear and nonlinear $(PDEs)$ into a set of algebraic equations concerning the expansion coefficients of the solution. The suggested scheme is effectively utilized for the mentioned problem. Sufficient and thorough numerical evaluations are provided to illustrate the precision, applicability, effectiveness, and adaptability of the introduced scheme. To showcase the efficacy and accuracy of this technique, the numerical results from the examples are expressed in a table format to enable comparison with results from other established methods as well as with the precise solutions. It should be noted that the implementation of the current method is regarded as quite simple.

Keywords

Subjects

[1] Arfken, G., (1985). Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA. 
[2] Arshad, S., Baleanu, D., Huang, J., Mohamed Al Qurashi, M., Tang, Y. & Zhao, Y., (2018). Finite Difference Method for Time-Space Fractional AdvectionDiffusion Equations with Riesz Derivative, Entropy, 20(5) , 321. 
[3] Agarwal, R., Yadav, M. P., Agarwal, R. P., Goyal, R. (2019). Analytic solution of fractional advection dispersion equation with decay for contaminant transport in porous media. Matematicki Vesnik, 71(1), 5-15. 
[4] Atabakzadeh, M.H., Akrami, M.H. & Erjaee, G.H., (2013). Chebyshev operational matrix method for solving multi-order fractional ordinary differential equations, Appl. Math. Model. 37 , 8903-8911. 
[5] Baleanu, D., Magin, R.L., Bhalekar, S. & Daftardar-Gejji, V., (2015). Chaos in the fractional order nonlinear Bloch equation with delay, Commun. Nonlinear. Sci. Numer. Simul. 25(1-3) , 41-49. 
[6] Bazm, S., (2015). Bernoulli polynomials for the numerical solution of some classes of linear and nonlinear integral equations, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 275 , 44-60. 
[7] Behiry, S.H., (2014). Solution of nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations using a hybrid of block pulse functions and normalized Bernstein polynomials, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 260 , 258-265. 
[8] Bhrawy, A.H. & Alofi, A.S., (2013). The operational matrix of fractional integration for shifted Chebyshev polynomials, Appl. Math. Lett. 26 , 25-31. 
[9] Bhrawy, A.H., Tohidi, E. & Soleymani, F., (2012). A new Bernoulli matrix method for solving high-order linear and nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential equations with piecewise intervals, Appl. Math. Comput. 219 , 482-497. 
[10] Bhrawy, A.H. & Zaky, M.A., (2014). A method based on the Jacobi tau approximation for solving multi-term time-space fractional partial differential equations, J. Comput. Phys. 
[11] Bojovi´ c, D. & Boško, J., (2001). Fractional order convergence rate estimates of finite difference method on nonuniform meshes, J. Comput. Meth. Appl. Math. 1(3) , 213-221. 
[12] Carella, A.R. & Dorao, C.A., (2013). Least-squares spectral method for the solution of a fractional advection-dispersion equation, J. Comput. Phys. 232 , 33-45.
[13] Costabile, F., Dellaccio, F. & Gualtieri, M.I., (2006). A new approach to Bernoulli polynomials, Rend. Mat. Ser. VII , 26 , 1-12.
[14] Dabbaghian, A. & Darzi, R., (2023). Novel existence results for sequential Caputo FDE with antiperiodic and integral boundary conditions, Mathematics and Computational Sciences. 4(3) , 1-12. 
[15] Danfu, H. & Xufeng, S., (2007). Numerical solution of integro-differential equations by using CAS wavelet operational matrix of integration, Appl. Math. Comput. 194 , 460-466. 
[16] Deng, W., (2008). Finite element method for the space and time fractional Fokker-Planck equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 47 , 204-226. 
[17] Diethelm, K., Ford, N.J. & Freed, A. D., (2004). Detailed error analysis for a fractional Adams method, Numer. Algorithms. 36(1) , 31-52. 
[18] Doha, E.H., Bhrawy, A.H. & Ezz-Eldien, S.S., (2011). A Chebyshev spectral method based on operational matrix for initial and boundary value problems of fractional order, Comput. Math. Appl. 62 , 2364–2373. 
[19] Doha, E.H., Bhrawy, A.H. & Ezz-Eldien, S.S., (2012). A new Jacobi operational matrix: an application for solving fractional differential equations, Appl. Math. Model. 36 , 4931-4943.
[20] Ervin, V.J. & Roop, J.P., (2006). Variational formulation for the stationary fractional advection-dispersion equation, Numer. Meth. Part. Diff. Equ. 22 , 558-576. 
[21] Keshavarz, E., Ordokhani, Y. & Razzaghi, M.A., (2016). Numerical solution for fractional optimal control problems via Bernoulli polynomials, J. Vib. Control. 22 , 3889-3903. 
[22] Khalili, Y. & Yadollahzadeh, M., (2023). On a fractional differential equation with fractional boundary conditions, Mathematics and Computational Sciences. 4(1) , 9-17. 
[23] Khodabandehlo, H.R., (2025). A Novel Bernoulli Operational Matrix Method for Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Multi-term Variable-order Fractional Differential Equations, Zagros J. Appl. Math. & Data. Anal. 1(2) , 15-33. 
[24] Khodabandehlo, H.R., Abbasbandy, S., Chegini, T.G., Shivanian, E. & Asaithambi, A., (2025). A Bernoulli operational matrix method for solving nonlinear multi-term fractional variable-order delay differential equation, Analytical and Numerical Solutions for Nonlinear Equations. 10(1) 1-16. 
[25] Khodabandehlo, H.R. & Shivanian, E., (2025). Novel Computational Methods Based on Shifted Jacobi Operational Matrix for Space Fractional Diffusion Equation, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 64(293). 
[26] Khodabandehlo, H. R., Shivanian, E. & Abbasbandy, S., (2022). A Novel Shifted Jacobi Operational Matrix for Solution of Nonlinear Fractional Variable-Order Differential Equation with Proportional Delays, Int. J. Indust. Math. 14(4) , 415-432. 
[27] Khodabandehlo, H. R., Shivanian, E. & Abbasbandy, S., (2022). A novel shifted Jacobi operational matrix method for nonlinear multi-terms delay differential equations of fractional variable-order with periodic and anti-periodic conditions, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 45(16) , 10116-10135. 
[28] Khodabandehlo, H. R., Shivanian, E. & Abbasbandy, S., (2022). Numerical solution of nonlinear delay differential equations of fractional variableorder using a novel shifted Jacobi operational matrix, Eng. with Comp. Suppl 3(38) , S2593-S2607. 
[29] Khodabandehlo, H. R., Shivanian, E. & Abbasbandy, S., (2026). A novel shifted Jacobi operational matrix method for linear multi-terms delay differential equations of fractional variable-order with periodic and anti-periodic conditions, Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics. 50(1) , 39-69. 
[30] Galeone, L. & Garrappa, R., (2006). On multistep methods for differential equations of fractional order, Mediterr. J. Math. 3(3-4), 565-580. 
[31] Gao, G.H. & Sun, H.W., (2015). Three-point combined compact difference schemes for time-fractional advection-diffusion equations with smooth solutions, J. Comput. Phys. 298 , 520-538. 
[32] Garrappa, R., (2015). Trapezoidal methods for fractional differential equations: theoretical and computational aspects, Math. Comput. Simul. 110 , 96-112. 
[33] Golbabai, A. & Sayevand, K., (2011). Analytical modelling of fractional advection-dispersion equation defined in a bounded space domain, Math. Comput. Model. 53 , 1708-1718. 
[34] Hejazi, H., Moroney, T. & Liu, F. (2014). Stability and convergence of a finite volume method for the space fractional advection-dispersion equation, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 255 , 684-697. 
[35] Hosseinzadeh, N., Shivanian, E., Fairooz, M.Z. & Chegini, TG., (2025). A robust RBF-FD technique combined with polynomial enhancements for valuing European options in jump-diffusion frameworks, Int. J. Dyn. Control,13(6), 212. 
[36] Huang, F. & Liu, F., (2005). The fundamental solution of the space-time fractional advection-dispersion equation, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 19 , 233-245. 
[37] Jafari, H. & Tajadodi, H. (2015). Numerical Solutions of the Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation, Progr. Fract. Differ. Appl. 1 (1), 37-45.
[38] Javadi, S., Jani, M. & Babolian, E., (2016). A numerical scheme for space-time fractional advection-dispersion equation, Int. J. Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 7 (2), 331-343. 
[39] Jiang, Y. & Ma, J., (2011). High-order finite element methods for time-fractional partial differential equations, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 235 , 3285-3290. 
[40] Labecca, W., Guimaraes, O. & Piqueira, J.R.C., (2014). Dirac’s formalism combined with complex Fourier oper- ational matrices to solve initial and boundary value problems, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 19.8 2614-2623.
[41] Liu, F., Zhuang, P., Anh, V., Turner, I. & Burra, K., (2007). Stability and convergence of the difference methods for the space-time fractional advection-diffusion equation, Appl. Math. Comput. 191 , 12-20.
[42] Liu, Q., Liu, F., Turner, I. & Anh, V., (2007). Approximation of the Lëvy-Feller advection-dispersion process by random walk and finite difference method, J. Comput. Phys. 222 , 57-70.
[43] Lubich, C., (1984). Discretized fractional calculus, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 17(3) , 704-719. 
[44] Mashayekhi, S., Ordokhani, Y. & Razzaghi, M., (2012). Hybrid functions approach for nonlinear constrained optimal control problems, Commun. Nonlinear. Sci. Numer. Simulat. 17 ,1831-1843.
[45] Momani, S. & Odibat, Z., (2008). Numerical Solution of the Space-Time Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation, Numer. Meth. Part. Differ. Equat. 24 (6) , 1416-1429. 
[46] Nemati, S., Lima, P. M. & Torres, D. F. M., (2019). Numerical Solution of Variable-Order Fractional Differential Equations Using Bernoulli Polynomials, Fractal Fract. 5 (219).
[47] Odibat, Z., (2024). On the Numerical Discretization of the Fractional Advection-Diffusion Equation with Generalized Caputo-Type Derivatives on Non-uniform Meshes, Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. 
[48] Pang, G., Chen, W. & Fu, Z., (2015). Space-fractional advection-dispersion equations by the Kansa method, J. Comput. Phys. 293 , 280-296. 
[49] Ramezani, M., Mojtabaei, M. & Mirzaei, D., (2015). DMLPG solution of the fractional advection-diffusion problem, Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 59 , 36-42. 
[50] Razzaghi, M. & Yousefi, S., (2005). Legendre wavelets method for the nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations, Math. Comput. Simul. 70 , 1-8.
[51] Saadatmandi, A., (2014). Bernstein operational matrix of fractional derivatives and its applications, Appl. Math. Model. 38 , 1365-1372. 
[52] Saadatmandi, A. & Dehghan, M., (2010). A new operational matrix for solving fractional-order differential equations, Comput. Math. Appl. 59 ,1326-1336. 
[53] Shirzadi, A., Ling, L. & Abbasbandy, S., (2012). Meshless simulations of the two-dimensional fractional-time convection-diffusion-reaction equations, Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 36, 1522-1527. 
[54] Shivanian, E., Jafarabadi, A., Chegini, TG. & Dinmohammadi, A., (2025). Analysis of a time-dependent source function for the heat equation with nonlocal boundary conditions through a local meshless procedure, Comput. Appl. Math., 44(6), 282. 
[55] Shivanian, E. & Khodabandehlo, H. R., (2015). A characteristic difference method for fractional advection-dispersion flow equations, Applied mathematics in Engineering, Management and Technology. 3(1) , 618-630.
[56] Soltanpour Moghadam, A., Arabameri, M. & Barfeie, M., (2022). Numerical solution of space-time variable fractional order advection-dispersion equation using radial basis functions, Journal of Mathematical Modeling. 10 (3), 549-562.
[57] Sousa, E., (2014). An explicit high order method for fractional advection diffusion equations, J. Comput. Phys. 278 , 257-274. 
[58] Stokes, P.W., Philippa, B., Read, W. & White, R.D., (2015). Efficient numerical solution of the time fractional diffusion equation by mapping from its Brownian counterpart, J. Comput. Phys. 282 , 334-344. 
[59] Tohidi, E., Bhrawy, A. H. & Erfani, K.A., (2013). Collocation method based on Bernoulli operational matrix for numerical solution of generalized pantograph equation, Appl. Math. Model. 37 , 4283-4294. 
[60] Toutounian, F. & Tohidi, E., (2013). A new Bernoulli matrix method for solving second order linear partial differential equations with the convergence analysis, Appl. Math. Comput. 223 , 298-310. 
[61] Tripathi, N.K., Das, S., Ong, S.H., Jafari, H. & Qurashi, M.A., (2016). Solution of higher order nonlinear time-fractional reaction diffusion equation, Entropy. 18, 329. 
[62] Wang, K. & Wang, H., (2011). A fast characteristic finite difference method for fractional advection-diffusion equations, Adv. Water Resour. 34, 810-816. 
[63] Yousefi, S.A. & Behroozifar, M., (2010). Operational matrices of Bernstein polynomials and their applications, Inter. Systems Sci. 32 , 709-716. 
[64] Yuan, X., Jichun, W. & Luying, Z., (2009). Numerical solutions of time-space fractional advection-dispersion equations, ICCES, 9(2) , 117-126. 
[65] Zheng, G.H. & Wei, T., (2010). Spectral regularization method for a Cauchy problem of the time fractional advection-dispersion equation, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 233 , 2631-2640.
Volume 7, Issue 2
Spring 2026
Pages 88-105

  • Receive Date 26 July 2025
  • Revise Date 21 February 2026
  • Accept Date 21 April 2026