Eigenvalue Intervals for Iterative System of Fractional BVPs via the Bootstrapping Argument and Fixed Point Method

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Anand International college of Engineering

2 Prince Sultan University

3 MVGR College of Engineering

4 Anand International College of Engineering

Abstract
This paper investigates eigenvalue intervals for parameters ensuring the existence of at least one positive solution to an iterative system of sequential and conformable fractional boundary value problems (FBVPs).
Motivated by applications in physical and biomedical systems exhibiting memory and nonlocal effects, the study utilizes the Green’s function associated with the linear part of the FBVP and leverages its properties alongside the Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem of norm type and a bootstrapping argument. An integral operator is constructed to characterize the solution, and the positivity and boundedness of the corresponding Green’s function are established. These tools enable the derivation of sufficient conditions on the nonlinearities and weight functions to ensure the existence of positive solutions within specified parameter ranges. The analysis shows that the interplay between sequential and conformable operators can be effectively addressed within a unified framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation in the literature on systems combining these two operator types. An illustrative example and a case study on temperature regulation in a multi-layered drug delivery patch demonstrate the theoretical applicability and practical significance of the results.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 July 2026

  • Receive Date 23 May 2025
  • Revise Date 22 February 2026
  • Accept Date 29 July 2026